Indian Modern History

Indian Modern History

The Mughal Emperor Jahangir given permission to the British East India Company in 1617.

As a result of three Carnatic Wars the British East India company and exclusive control over entire Carnatic region of India.

The border dispute between Nepal and British India which happened after 1801. Had caused the Anglo Nepal war of 1814-16

Their Policy was sometimes summed up as

divide and rule

taking advantage of the inmate fostering between various princely states and social and religious groups.

Indian Modern History Governors

1. Robert Clive (1757-1760)
2. Henry Vansittart (1760-1764)
3. Robert Clive (1765-1766)
4. Harry Vere 1st (1767-1769)
5. John Cartier (1769-1772)
6. Warren Hasting (1772-1774)
7. Charles Cornwallis (1786-1793)
8. Richard Wellesley (1798-1805)
9. Charles Cornwallis (1805-1848)
10. James Brown-Ramsay (1848-1854)

Events and consequences before 1857

Name of Event	Event	Consequences
First Carnatic War(1746-1748)	British Admiral Edward Peyton and French La Bourdonnais fought at Negapatam	British Victory
Second Carnatic War(1749-1754)	Nasir Jung aided by France While England aided Muzaffar Jung	Ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry in 1754 and Muzaffar Jung became the Nizam
Third Carnatic War (1758 – 1763)	French Commander Count De lally and British general Sir Eyre Coote at Wandiwash(1760)	Defeat of French & the Treaty of Paris was signed. Which returned Chandra Nagar and Pondicherry to France.
Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757)	French is supported Sirajuddaula and East India Company led by Robert Clive	British victory after this mastery of Bengal. and Britishers used the revenue of Bengal to maintain strong Army.
Battle of Buxar (22 October 1764)	East India Company led by Hector Munro and Mughal emperor along with the Nawab of Bengal	Treaty of Allahabad secured Diwani rights
Pitt’s India act 1784		British government got control over the company’s affair and its administration.
War 1789-1792	Tipu Sultan and East India Company	Treaty of Seringapatam was signed.
Awadh annexation 1856	Lord Dalhousie

Indian Modern History

The Revolt of 1857

• East India company and united force of Indian leaders (Bahadur Shah Bhagat Singh Begum Hazrat Mahal are powered Tatya Tope Nanasaheb Azimullah Rani Laxmi Bai Kunwar Singh.) By this revolt there was an end of companies rule now India came under the direct rule of British Crown.
• The Revolt of 1857 that occured in the Northern parts of India, was a result of the discontent and resentment of the people against British conquest and administration since hundred years. The revolt began on 29 March 1857, when a sepoy, Mangal Pandey attacked his officers at Barrackpore. He was hanged to death. On 9 May 1857, 85 sepoys of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment refused to use the greased cartridges and were sentenced to 10 years in jail. Indian Modern History
• On 10th May, a group of soldiers marched towards the Meerut Jail, shot the British officers and released their fellow sepoys from jail. They seized all the arms and ammunition from there, and set fire to the buildings and British properties. Thus, a formal war was declared against the British. The rebel sepoys then marched towards Delhi on the night of 10th may itself and reached there the next morning. On hearing the news of their arrival, the sepoys in Delhi also rose in rebėllion.

They also set the British buildings and properties on fire and captured their arms. They gathered round the Red Fort and declared Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar as their leader. Greatly inspired by the rebels, the Emperor asked all the rulers of India to join their hands together in their fight against the British. The local rulers and chiefs saw this as an opportunity to regain their support to the rebels. # The main centres and the leaders are :- As the news of the revolt spread , sepoy regiments of other places also joined in.

They were soon followed by zamindars , local chiefs , leaders and peasants.

• Delhi: Bakht Khan was the leader of the rebels.
• Kanpur : Nana Saheb , the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II led the rebels and expelled the British garrison from Kanpur , He declared himself as the Peshwa and Nana Saheb recognised Bahadur Shah as his king . The commander of his troops were Tantia Tope and Azimullah.
• Lucknow : Birjis Qadir was proclaimed as the new Nawab of Lucknow . He was the son of the deposed Nawab Wajid Ali Shah . Birjis too accepted Bahadur Shah as his Emperor, His mother Regum Hazrat Mahal led the rebels against the British. She was accompanied by Maulvi Ahmadullah.
• Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai: took up arms against the British. She was joined by Tantia Tope from Kanpur.
• Bihar : Kunwar Singh , the Raja of Jagdishpur led the rebels at Arahh in Bihar.

Indian Modern History

Social and Cultural reform

Person	Related With
Raja Ram Mohan Roy	established Atmiya Sabha. he was the first Indian to start an agitation for social, religious and political reforms.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy	Established Brahma Samaj to preach monotheism and purify Hinduism.
Debendranath Tagore	founded Tattvabodhini Sabha to propagate Ram Mohan Roy’s idea
Vidyasagar	protests against child marriage and promoted women education.
Vishnu Shankar Pandit	founded widow remarriage Association
Dadabhai naoroji	established East India Association in London
Mahatma Jyoti Rao Govind Rao Phule	Founded satyashodhak Samaj
Swami Dayanand Saraswati	Founded Arya Samaj in Bombay.
Vivekananda	founded the Ramkrishna Mission to carry out humanitarian relief and social work

Indian ancient history

Freedom struggle Timeline

Year	Event
28 December 1885	Indian National Congress was formed by Allan octavian Hume
28-31 December 1885	First session of Indian National Congress was attended by 72 delegates under the presidency of W.C. Bannerjee.
1896-97	B.G. Tilak initiated a no tax campaign in Maharashtra
20 July 1905	Partition of Bengal order was passed by Lord Curzon
December 1905	Gokhale the president of Congress condemned the partition of Bengal and supported Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
1906	Dadabhai naoroji became the President of National Congress and declared their goal of self government or Swaraj
30 December 1906	All India Muslim League was formed by Aga Khan and the founding meeting was hosted by Nawab sir Khwaja
1909	Marley Minto Reform was announced
1911	Government announced the withdrawal of partition of Bengal
1913	Gadar Party founded by Punjabi Indians in the United States
April 1915	First session of Hindu Mahasabha
26 December 1916	Lucknow Pact was signed dealing with the structure of the Government of India and with relation to the Hindu and Muslim communities
1917	Satyagraha started by MK Gandhi in Champaran Bihar
1918	Montagu chelmsford reforms announced by Edwin montagu which is secretary of state and large clamps food which was Viceroy
1919	Enactment of the Government of India Act of 1919
March 1919	Rowlatt Act was passed which enable government to imprison people without trial.
13 April 1919	Jaliawala bagh crisis
31 August 1920	Khalifat committee launched a non cooperation movement
1 February 1922	MK Gandhi announced mass civil disobedience
5 February 1922	Chouri Chaura
1925	Communist party came into existence
November 1927	Simon headed Commission was set up to submit report on working of Indian constitution established by government of India Act 1919
17 November 1928	Lala Lajpat Rai died due to the injured by the beating of local police during a protest demonstration at Lahore
December 1928	Gandhi joined back the active politics at Calcutta session
26 January 1930	Was fixed as the first independence day and since then was celebrated every year up to 1947
February 1930	Chandrasekhar Ajad was shot dead in a park called Azad Park at Allahabad in an encounter with police
12 March 1930	Dandi March by MK Gandhi took place he worked 375 km from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi
6 April 1930	Gandhi reached Dandi and broke the salt law
12 November 1930	First Round table conference was held in London was shared by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald
5 March 1931	Gandhi Irwin pact was signed between Gandhi and viceroy of India lord erwin
24 August 1932	Poona pact was signed between Gandhi and Doctor Ambedkar at Yerwada Central Jail
1935	Comment of India Act was passed according to which all the Indian Federation was established including British India and princely states
October 1940	Gandhi gave an order for a limited Satyagraha for few days
8 August 1942	Quit India Movement was launched by MK Gandhi
1945	Congress working committee adopted resolution to abolish landlordism

Interim government

External affairs and commonwealth relations	Jawaharlal Nehru
Defence	Baldev Singh
Home (including Information and Broadcasting)	Vallabh Bhai Patel
Finance	Liaquat Ali Khan
Posts and air	Abdur Rab Nishtar
Food and agriculture	Rajendra Prasad
Labour	Jagjivan Ram
Industries and supplies	John Mathai
Transport and railways	M.Asaf Ali
Education and Arts	C. Rajgopalachari
Works, Mines and power	C. H. Babha
Commerce	I. I. Chundrigar
Law	Jogindar nath Mandel
Health	Ghazanfar Ali Khan

Indian Modern History Newspaper and its Founder

Newspaper/Journal Name	Founder
Bengal Gazette (1780) (India, s First Newspaper)	JK Hikki
Kesari	B.G. Tilak
Amrita Bazar Patrike	Sisir Kumar Ghosh
Vande Mataram	Aurobindo Ghosh
Kavivachan Sudha	Bhartendu Harishchandra
Rast Goftar(first newspaper in Gujarati)	Dadabhai Naoroji
Statesman	Robert knight
Hindu	Vir Raghavcharya
Yugantar	Bhupendra Nath Data
Bombay Chronicle	Firoz Shah Mehta
Hindustan	MM Malviya
Mooknayak	B.R. Ambedkar
Comrade-1914	Mohammad Ali
Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq	Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Al-Hilal-1914	Abdul Kalam Azad
Al-Balagh	Abul Kalam Azad
Independent	Motilal Nehru
Panjabi	Lala Rajpat Rai
New India	Annie Besant
Young India- 1919	M.K. Gandhi
Harijan-1933	M.K. Gandhi
Hindustan Times	K.M. Pannikar

Indian Modern History – Mountbatten plan

• The Independence Act 1947 also called 3 june plan or Mountbatten plan.
• It gave India and Pakistani Dominion status.
• The actor received the royal assent on 18 july 1947.

the boundaries between the two Dominion states were determined by a boundary commission which was headed by Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

Great Travellers in Indian history

Indian Modern History